Question No. 01
What is preferred location for drain?
Answer: Must be located at the
bottom section of drum.
Question No. 02
What are the steps in selection of valve?
Answer: What to handle, liquid,
gas or powder, fluid nature, function, construction material, disc type, stem
type, how to operate, bonnet type, body ends, delivery time, cost, warranty.
Question No. 03
What are functions of valves?
Answer: Isolation, regulation,
non-return and special purposes.
Question No. 04
What are isolating valves?
Answer: Gate, ball, plug,
piston, diaphragm, butterfly, pinch.
Question No. 05
What are regulation valves?
Answer: Globe, needle,
butterfly, diaphragm, piston, pinch.
Question No. 06
What are non-return valves?
Answer: check valve,
Question No. 07
What are special valves?
Answer: multi-port, flush
bottom, float, foot, pressure relief, breather.
Question No. 08
What materials are used for construction of
valves?
Answer: Cast iron, bronze, gun
metal, carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy carbon steel, polypropylene and
other plastics, special alloys.
Question No. 09
What is trim?
Answer: Trim is composed of
stem, seat surfaces, back seat bushing and other small internal parts that
normally contact the surface fluid.
Question No. 10
Which standard specifies trim numbers for
valve?
Answer: API 600.
Question No. 11
What are wetted parts of valve?
Answer: All parts that come in
contact with surface fluid are called wetted parts.
Question No. 12
What is wire drawing?
Answer: This term is used to
indicate the premature erosion of the valve seat caused by excessive velocity
between seat and seat disc, when valve is not closed tightly.
Question No. 13
What is straight through valve?
Answer: Valve in which the
closing operation of valve is achieved by 90 degrees turn of the closing
element.
Question No. 14
What pressure tests are carried out on
valves?
Answer: Shell-hydrostatic,
seat-hydrostatic, seat-pneumatic
Question No. 15
What are available valve operators?
Answer: Hand-lever, hand-wheel,
chain operator, gear operator etc.
Question No. 16
What is the full form of ASME?
Answer:
American Society for Mechanical Engineers.
Question No. 17
Which Piping code is used for Power piping
and which code is used for Process Piping design?
Answer:
- Power Piping: ASME B 31.1
- Process Piping: ASME B 31.3
Question No. 18
What are the main differences between ASME
B 31.1 and ASME B 31.3?
Answer:
The main differences are listed below:
- Material allowable stresses are different in both codes.
- Stress increases due to occasional loads are different in each code.
- B 31.3 neglects torsion while calculating sustained stresses, but B 31.1 includes it.
- Sustained stress calculation is specific in B 31.1 but undefined for B 31.3.
- B 31.1 intensifies torsion but B31.3 does not intensify it.
Question No. 19
How to calculate the basic allowable stress
for a material?
Answer:
The basic allowable stress is defined in respective code. For example as
per B 31.3 the basic allowable stress for a material is the minimum of the
following:
- 1/3rd of tensile strength at design temperature.
- 2/3rd of yield strength at design temperature.
- 100% of average stress for a creep rate of 0.01% per 1000 hours.
- 67% of average stress for rupture at the end of 100000 hours.
- 80% of minimum stress for ruptures at the end of 100000 hours.
- For austenitic stainless steel or nickel alloys the lower of yield strength and 90% of yield strength at temperature.
- For structural grade materials 0.92 times of the lowest value of point (a) to (f)
Question No. 20
What is the main difference between
Constant and Variable Spring Hanger? When to use these hangers?
Answer:
In Constant Spring hanger the load remains constant throughout its travel
range. But In variable spring hanger the load varies with displacement.
Spring
hangers are used when thermal displacements are upwards and piping system is
lifted off from the support position. Variable spring hanger is preferable as
this is less costly.
Constant
springs are used:
- When thermal displacement exceeds 50 mm
- When variability exceeds 25%
- Sometimes when piping is connected to strain sensitive equipment like steam turbines, centrifugal compressors etc and it becomes very difficult to qualify nozzle loads by variable spring hangers, constant spring hangers can be used.
Question No. 21
What do you mean by variability? What is
the industry approved limit for variability?
Answer:
Variability= (Hot Load-Cold load)/Hot load = (Spring Constant ×
displacement)/Hot load.
Limit for
variability for variable spring hangers is 25%.
Question No. 22
What are the major parameters you must
address while making a Spring Data-sheet?
Answer:
Major parameters are: Spring TAG, Cold load/Installed load, Vertical and
horizontal movement, Piping design temperature, Piping Material, Insulation
thickness, Hydro-test load, Line number etc.
Question No. 23
How to calculate the height of a Variable
Spring hanger?
Answer:
Select the height from vendor catalog based on spring size and stiffness
class.
For base
mounted variable spring hanger the height is mentioned directly. It is the
spring height.
For top
mounted variable spring hanger’s ass spring height with turnbuckle length,
clamp/lug length and rod length.
Question No. 24
Can you select a proper spring hanger if
you do not make it program defined in your software?
What is the procedure?
Answer:
In your system first decide the location where you want to install the
spring. Then remove all nearby supports which are not taking load in thermal
operating case. Now run the program and the sustained load on that support node
is your hot load. The thermal movement in that location is your thermal
movement for your spring. Now assume variability for your spring. So calculate
Spring
constant = (Hot load × variability)/displacement. Now with spring constant and
hot load enter any vendor catalog to select spring inside the travel range.
Question No. 25
What is the software available for
performing piping stress analysis?
Answer:
Caesar II, AutoPipe etc.